Education 460
Leanna & Dan
Topic: Grade 11 – Nationalism
Task: In this inquiry grade 11 students are asked to design a coat of arms that reflects the five most historically significant events that have shaped Canada’s identity. Students will pay particular attention to the contribution of Aboriginal and Francophone peoples and today’s multicultural and geographic realities. This inquiry should answer the question: To what extent does the current coat of arms accurately reflect Canadian identities?
As part of this inquiry, students are asked to include an artist statement defending their decisions to include particular symbols and images within their coat of arms. In the task’s final activity, students publicly display their designs and explain their thinking process at one of the four destination points (hosting a seminar at a local junior high, presenting at a local library, setting up an educational display at Heritage Park or presenting their learning to a Canadian history class at a university campus).


Activity 1 - Assess whether Canada’s Coat of Arms reflects contemporary realities
In a class-wide discussion, students consider the following questions:
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To what extent does the current coat of arms accurately reflect Canadian identities?
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Who is represented?
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Who is missing?
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Does the coat of arms reflect Canada’s geographic realities (including the arctic)?
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Is the use of Latin appropriate?
In groups of five (5), students discuss which symbols are the most prominent and what message the current coat of arms presents regarding Canadian identity. This activity is intended to get students thinking and questioning the current coat of arms. After the group discussion it is expected that the groups will share their thoughts and answers with the class as a whole.
Resources:
Ceremonial & Canadian Symbols- Descriptions of individual symbols within the coat of arms. http://www.pch.gc.ca/eng/1359472226443/1359472288882
Activity 2 - Examine the historical significance to Canada’s coat of arms
The teacher begins class with a ten (10) minute lecture respecting the history of Canada’s coat of arms.
Have the class watch the following videos:
(Origins of Coats of Arms and Introduction to Heraldry - 6 minutes)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X6H-kwoN2wk&list=PLmJyDMW0a9-WdCoOO4ulYwXQ_-bBdkvzY
(Ontario Legislative Assembly Coat of Arms Ceremony, 1995 - last 15 minutes including Aboriginal speakers)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YR_k-QXaDZ0
In groups students engage the following topics and questions:
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Discuss the roles and purposes of symbols and coats of arms.
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Consider what Canada’s coat of arms meant historically when it was given to Canada by the British. What would this act convey?
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Discuss when, why and how Canada’s coat of arms was changed in the past. Should those changes require the Queen’s approval?
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Consider the modern purpose to a coat of arms. Why does Canada have a coat of arms?
Background Resources/Links:
Canadian Heritage Site- provides an overview on the individual symbols within the Canadian coat of arms.
http://www.pch.gc.ca/eng/1359472226443/1359472288882
About Canada Pdf - single page document could be given as a handout.
http://aboutcanada.ca/store/knowledgeDocs/1309527062.pdf
Tax Court of Canada Website - Legal history of Canada’s coat of arms and changes made.
http://cas-ncr-nter03.cas-satj.gc.ca/portal/page/portal/tcc-cci_Eng/About/Coat_ofArms
Royal Heraldry Society of Canada:
http://www.heraldry.ca/main.php
Activity 3 - Design a Family Coat of Arms
In small groups select one of the past Governor General’s personal coat of arms, analyse the prominent symbols and read their statement explaining what specific values, experiences and traditions have shaped their coat of arms.
Have the class watch the following video:
(Kate Middleton's family get brand new coat of arms in time for Royal Wedding - 3 minutes)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pucSV--kheQ
Students consider several question: What makes a powerful coat of arms?
Individually students build a family coat of arms (see website below). This task requires that they consider the values and characteristics that represents their family. Then students add the images that best convey their most important values. Each student will explain their symbols and values when they rejoin their group.
Resources/Links:
http://archive.gg.ca/heraldry/emb/03/index_e.asp (Michelle Jean)
http://archive.gg.ca/heraldry/emb/05/index_e.asp (other Governor Generals)
http://www.makeyourcoatofarms.com/app.asp (Coat of Arms building website)
Activity 4 - Significant Canadian Events - Card Analysis
In groups, using the worksheet for assessing historical significance, students will assess and select the five (5) most significant events in Canada’s history from a series of cards distributed by the teacher. Groups should recall that the final assignment requires the inclusion of Aboriginal and French Canadian perspectives, this should shape the consideration events. This part of the activity should take one class.

During the following class, each group presents and justifies their selections. In addition to the event card selections listed below, groups may include other events. During the presentation/discussion, the teacher provides formative feedback (see Event Card Discussion Rubric below).
Significant Event (cards) to be distributed to each group:
Early European Exploration & Settlement (Jacques Cartier, Samuel de Champlain)
Fur Trade – 1600s to 1800s
Fall of Huronia - 1649
Great Peace of Montreal - 1701 - New France Alliance with 40 First Nations
Royal Proclamation 1763- (New France becomes British colony)
Treaty of Fort Niagara - 1764
Treaty of Paris- 1783
War of 1812 (Tecumseh)
Rebellions in Upper & Lower Canada (1837-38)
Baldwin & LaFontaine - 1840 (French politician wins seat in Upper Canada Election)
Confederation 1867 (George-Étienne Cartier’s role)
Red River Resistance & Provisional Government - 1869 (Louis Riel Hanged 1985)
Treaty 6 -1876
Completion of the Railroad (1885)
North-West Mounted Police (NWMP) - 1873
Immigration Policy Early 20th century (Head tax)
Komagata Maru incident - 1914
WW1 – 1914 - 1918 (22nd Battalion French Canadian, almost 4,000 Aboriginal Canadians in Expeditionary Force)
WWII 1939-1945
Universal Suffrage - 1962
Creation of the Canadian Flag - 1964
Quiet Revolution (1960s Quebec)
Revision of the Immigration Act - 1967
Terry Fox Began Race - 1980
Charter of Rights and Freedoms - 1982
Canadian Multiculturalism Act - 1988
Creation of Nunavut - 1999
Resources:
(Historical Significance worksheet)
http://archive.historybenchmarks.ca/lesson/386
Timeline of 100 “Great Events in Canadian History”
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timelines/100-great-events-in-canadian-history/
Dictionary of Canadian Biography
http://www.biographi.ca/en/index.php
Historica Canada
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/
First Nations in Canada
https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1307460755710/1307460872523
Pre- Confederation Treaties http://www.canadiana.ca/citm/themes/aboriginals/aboriginals4_e.html
Treaty Research Report - Treaty Six
https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100028706/1100100028708
Canadian World War II Timeline - http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timelines/second-world-war-timeline/
Canadian Flag
http://www.pch.gc.ca/eng/1359645764952/1359645851381
First Nations Soliders http://www.warmuseum.ca/firstworldwar/history/people/in-uniform/first-nations-soldiers/

Activity 5 – Create a New Coat of Arms
Part 1 - Create/Identify Symbols to Reflect Canadian Cultural Realities
Using the events that students identified (these events may have changed after the formative feedback). Student will individually identify or sketch one (1) symbol from each category: Aboriginal identities, Anglophone heritage, Francophone heritage identity and Canada’s current multicultural identity.
Part 2- Coat of Arms Creation
The images outlined above will be incorporated into the coat of arms they are designing. This part of the assignment is expected to be done in a style that reflects heraldic tradition. Keep in mind that this is an opportunity to create an artifact that reflects Canada's past but also suggest a vision for Canada’s future as a nation. A hard copy is required. A minimum of five symbols are required and the space should be effectively used. The use of printed media can be included in this project but student should keep a list of websites, magazine issues or other sources that were used. Students are welcome to use any artistic mediums they desire. Remember that the chosen symbols are the key in this assignment, so they should be clearly represented. The submission should be a minimum of 8.5” by 11” maximum of 10” by 12”. The expectation is that this coat of arms would be a polished finished product that could be displayed in the school or ideally in a space outside of the school.
Activity 6 - Produce an Artist Statement
Artist Statement Requirements: This 2-4 page statement is expected to be a blend between a traditional artist statement and an argumentative essay. The mission of this task is to accurately convey a clear understanding of the complex nature of nationalism in Canada. A few sentences should outline the challenges that the student encountered during this project. Students should also answer the question of whether or not they feel their coat of arms better represents Canadian identity when compared to Canada’s official coat of arms. This is a space that can be used to outline how their coat of arms reflects the student’s personal vision for Canada's future as a nation. It provides an opportunity to explain and justify the symbols represented in the coat of arms. Because it has elements of an argumentative essay any pertinent evidence that has informed this selection process must be included. This statement is also an opportunity to add clarity to any of the symbols and defend chosen symbols that are not able to convey their full meaning visually. The justifications and creative choices should be convincing.
Activity 7 - Purpose Beyond the School (Arrangements will be made prior to the completion of this assignment for students to have an audience outside of their high school.)
After their project is completed students will have the opportunity to present their coat of arms to a group outside of their school. This is a chance to articulate understanding gained through this project and educate others about the complexities within Canadian nationalism. This assignment will not be given a mark but is it expected that each student will participate and use this as a chance to develop their presentation skills and share their knowledge with the broader community. It is also an opportunity to hear formative feedback from individuals outside of the classroom. In groups of 6-8, students will attend only one of the possible functions. Students will choose from: hosting a seminar for 9th grade students at a local junior high, presenting at a local library, setting up an educational display at Heritage Park or presenting their learning to a Canadian history class at a university campus.
Learning Outcomes
Big Idea: Canada’s coat of arms does not fully or accurately reflect the country’s contemporary identity. By discussing and designing a new coat of arms that incorporates Aboriginal and Francophone contributions to Canadian society, students will better understand the people of Canada’s multicultural experiences, relationships and national realities. That understanding provides an inclusive foundation for citizenship and democratic political participation.
Skills and Processes
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evaluate personal assumptions and opinions to develop an expanded appreciation of Canada’s multicultural past and present
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analyze the impact of significant historical events and periods for Canadian identities
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assess and develop symbolic representations of Canada’s constituent cultures
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communicate reasoned positions informed by historical and contemporary evidence
Knowledge and Understanding
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understand Canada’s history, complexities and current issues
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understand contemporary challenges and contributions of Aboriginal peoples in urban, rural, cultural and linguistic settings
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understand the historical and contemporary realities of Francophones in Canada
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understand Canada’s multi-ethnic and intercultural makeup
Values and Attitudes
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appreciate and respect how multiple perspectives, including Aboriginal and Francophone, shape Canada’s political, socioeconomic, linguistic and cultural realities
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honour and value the traditions, concepts and symbols that are the expression of Canadian identity
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value Canada’s pluralistic character
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thrive in their evolving identity with a legitimate sense of belonging to their communities, Canada and the world